Frame-Relay PVC Switching

R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#frame-relay in
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay intf-type dce
R1(config-if)#clock rate <speed>
R1(config-if)#frame-relay route <pvc-number-1> interface s2/0 <pvc-number-2>

OSPF Network Types Summary

Interface Type	uses DR/BDR?	Dynamic Neighbour Discovery	Default Hello Interval	Cisco Priprietary
broadcast	Yes	Yes	10	Yes
nonbroadcast	Yes	No	30	No
point-to-point	No	Yes	10	Yes
Loopback	No	-	-	Yes
point-to-multipoint	No	Yes	30	No
point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast	No	No	30	Yes

OSPF Frame-Relay Point-to-multipoint Host Routes

OSPF automatically adds a host(/32) route for neighbours on point to multipoint network. somehow serves as dlci map command.

R1:


router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

interface Serial1/0.1 multipoint

 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0

 ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

 frame-relay interface-dlci 101

 frame-relay interface-dlci 102

 frame-relay interface-dlci 103

show ip route:


     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       1.1.1.2 [110/65] via 192.168.0.2, 00:09:13, Serial1/0.1
     20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       20.20.20.0 [110/65] via 192.168.0.2, 00:09:13, Serial1/0.1
     192.168.0.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.1
O       192.168.0.2/32 [110/64] via 192.168.0.2, 00:09:13, Serial1/0.1

Order of Operation for an Interface

NAT in -> out NAT out -> in
1 decryption decryption
2 input acl input acl
3 input policing input policing
4 input accounting         input accounting
5 PBR NAT G-L
6 redirect PBR
7 NAT L->G redirect
8 crypto map crypto map
9 output acl output acl
10 IOS FW IOS FW
11 tcp intercept tcp intercept
12 encryption encryption
13 queuing                  queuing


CCNP TSHOOT-640-832 Official Certification Guide - Chapter 10
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk648/tk361/technologies_tech_note09186a0080133ddd.shtml

Comparing the bandwidth and priority Commands of a QoS Service Policy

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk543/tk757/technologies_tech_note09186a0080103eae.shtml

Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)

• Anycast RP
• load balancing between RPs
• faster recovery after RP failure (IGP convergence time)
• Inter-domain Multicast Routing
• send Source Active (SA) messages over TCP every 60s
• configuration: ip msdp peer <peer-address>

PIM Modes

Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM): uses Source Tree / Shared Path Tree (SPT)
Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): uses Shared Tree / Root Path Tree (RPT)